Poetry and Figuartive Essay

Since this week’s evaluations I have chosen the accompanying three sonnets; â€Å"My grandmother’s love letters† by Hart Crane, â€Å"The street not taken† Robert Frost, just as â€Å"Richard Cory† by Edward Arlington Robinson. My Grandmother’s Love Letters By Hart Crane (1899-1932) There are no stars today around evening time But those of memory. However how much space for memory there is In the free support of delicate downpour. There is even room enough For the letters of my mother’s mother, Elizabeth, That have been passed for such a long time Into the edge of the rooftop That they are earthy colored and delicate, And at risk to liquefy as day off. Over the enormity of such space Steps must be delicate. It is totally hung by an imperceptible white hair. It trembles as birch appendages webbing the air. I ask myself: â€Å"Are your fingers sufficiently long to play Old keys that are yet echoes: Is the quiet sufficiently able To convey back the music to its source And back to you again As however to her? † Yet I would lead my grandma by the hand Through quite a bit of what she would not comprehend; And so I falter. Furthermore, the downpour proceeds on the rooftop With such a sound of delicately feeling sorry for chuckling. (Thiel, 2005, pp. 295-296) The symbolism in this sonnet is extravagant and vainglorious. Toward the starting I see a lack of definition that is starting to be light up by tender memories, similar to a flame getting livelier and livelier. I can see downpour waning on the rooftop simultaneously. The granddaughter has discovered a few letters, perchance in a loft. The letters are old and earthy colored with oldness. What's more, with age paper creates inelastic and could fall independently absent a lot of help. As she starts to uncluttered the letters she infers to the cognizance that she should be extremely careful. She is inquisitive whether she should understand it. The thorough ofâ the downpour falling on the rooftop sounds to her like her grandmas beguilement. Lamentably I potentially will just discover two or three things that rhymed. What's more, I have confidence in they are of no noticeable quality. I think the line â€Å"is the quietness solid enough† is an overstatement; it is a frivolity put shows the conclusion that harmony can be strong only not in a physical technique. I worshiped this sonnet since perusing it caused me to mull over of my own grandma who was a saccharine and humane lady. The Road Not Taken By Robert Frost (1874 †1963) Two streets veered in a yellow wood, And sorry I was unable to travel both And be one explorer, long I stood And looked down one as far as Possible To where it twisted in the undergrowth; Then took the other, as similarly as reasonable, And having maybe the better case, Because it was lush and needed wear; In spite of the fact that with respect to that the going there Had worn them extremely about the equivalent, And both that morning similarly lay In leaves no progression had trodden dark. Gracious, I save the first for one more day! However realizing how way leads onto way, I questioned on the off chance that I should ever returned. I will be telling this with a moan Somewhere ages and ages thus: Two streets wandered in a wood, and I †I took the one less went by, And that has had a significant effect. (Thiel, 2005, pp. 297 †298) As I in progress perusing this sonnet, I envisioned a man overturned at a fork in the road. The landscape is a timberland, in the fall. The man positions for a broad time seeing down the two ways. He realized he couldn't the travel industry the two ways as a solitary individual, and he would need to show which on to take. He unambiguous to take the one less journeyed. When he progressing down the way he showed he realized he would not have returned to endeavor the other street. Basically he had made his decision and needed to stay with it. Be that as it may, by captivating the one less visited it made all the fluctuation. I contemplate this is a similitude on life, we can income the street that most extreme income. The casual street and head off to some place. By the by charming the harder street or the street less journeyed it will be further fulfilling. Line one, three, and four had quatrains; line one had arousing at the end and line three had raised toward the end where line four had could toward the end. This is an occasion of a virile rhyme. Lines six, eight, and nine had words on the finish of the sentence that rhymed; reasonable, wear, and there. Lines 11, 13, and 14 had words toward the end that rhymed; lay, day, and way. I contemplate the building of this sonnet is from a story perspective. Richard Cory Edwin Arlington Robinson (1869 †1935) Whenever Richard Cory went downtown, We individuals on the asphalt took a gander at him: He was a respectable man from sole to crown, Clean preferred, and supremely thin. Furthermore, he in every case discreetly exhibited, And he was consistently human when he talked; But still he rippled heartbeats when he stated, â€Å"good-morning† and he sparkled when he strolled. What's more, he was rich †indeed, more extravagant than a lord †And outstandingly educated in each elegance: In fine, we believed that he was everything To make us wish that we were in his place. So on we worked, and sat tight for the light, And abandoned the meat, and reviled the bread; And Richard Cory, one quiet summer night, Went home and put a projectile through his head. This sonnet conjures up depictions of an extravagant, up-to-date, appealing man. Drawing closer into town, and all the towns individuals, or masses simply frown at him. All the towns’ people hated him, and required to be him, owed to his illumination, refinement, and flourishing. He wore unrestrained clothing types I depictionâ a showy sequenced suite like Elvis wore. At that point one night he returned home and committed self destruction. I consider that this sonnet is an allegory that money, opulence, knickknacks, and great appearances can’t get you happiness. Each further finale word practically rhymes. What's more, I consider it is recorded in a verse. I found that this sonnet had a lively revelation for the peruser. Be placated where you are, the grass isn't consistently greener on the opposite side. References Thiel, D. (2005). Intersection. New York, NY: Longman. Plunkett, A. (n. d. ). My Grandmother’s Love Letters. Verse Foundation. Recovered July 1, 2014, from http://www. poetryfoundation. organization/sonnet/177645 Plunkett, A. (n. d. ). Richard Cory. Verse Foundation. Recovered July 1, 2014, from http://www. poetryfoundation. organization/sonnet/174248 . (n. d. ). . Recovered July 1, 2014, from http://www. juicerreview. organization/. (n. d. ). Artists. organization. Recovered July 1, 2014, from http://www. artists. organization/(n. d. ). Artists. organization. Recovered July 1, 2014, from http://www. writers. organization/poetsorg/sonnet/street not-taken http://www. impalapublications. com/blog/file. php? /documents/523-Richard-Cory,- b y-James-OFee. html. (n. d. ).

Sales Management&The Salesman Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Deals Management&The Salesman - Essay Example They are clarified underneath. Any supervisor or an individual who is a basic piece of an organization will need most extreme utility of their item. At the point when the sales rep sold the most costly and top-of-the-go programming to a 2-man antique shop then the item was route past their needs since they required a basic bookkeeping programming and individuals have a propensity for speaking terrible about an item when it is of no utilization to them. Since verbal exchange is a very string publicizing strategy that chooses the achievement or disappointment of an organization. It can transform a star item into a pointless pooch whenever let free or not utilized viably. Since there is no returning this procedure in light of the fact that once the organization's picture goes down the channel the impacts are lethal. Another explanation can be the unreliability of the sales rep. A decent sales rep must thoroughly consider of the case and it is their obligation to enable the client to locate the best item. In the event that the sales rep can pull in the client with his abilities, at that point the subsequent stage is affecting the client enough to make brand unwaveringness. Further brand steadfastness can be gotten the money for at each progression of the selling procedure. Be that as it may, the sales rep for this situation, being a star sales rep for reasons unknown neglected to satisfy this necessity. Finally, such bumbles can ruin the brand picture of the organization.

BranchOut

BranchOut INTRODUCTIONMartin: Hi, today we are in San Francisco with BranchOut. Rick, who are you and what do you do?Rick: I am Rick Marini, Im the founder and CEO of BrachOut and Ive been an entrepreneur for the last 15 years out here in Silicon Valley. Ive started three companies. Tickle.com was the first one back in 1999, and we grew that to be the largest personality testing site online. We sold that to Monster in 04 for 100 million dollars, and then I started a second company, called Superfan which built Facebook apps and social games and we pivot that over to BranchOut, which a large professional network, leveraging Facebook with about 800 million professional profiles.Martin: Great.BUSINESS MODEL OF BRANCHOUTMartin: Lets talk briefly about the business model of BranchOut. How did it work in the beginning and have there been any changes to the business model over time?Rick: Yes, its been a rollercoaster with BranchOut, plenty of changes as in any startup. You know BranchOut really starte d as a way to leverage our network within Facebook, which tends to be your friend network, people that you are close with, and leverage that for professional purposes. Typically people would use it for recruiting or finding a job, or sales, trying to build your network, and BranchOut really grew quickly early on because its a network effect business, the larger the network the more powerful it becomes. You want to invite all of your friends, and people on Facebook have an average of about 350 friends, and they were inviting everyone so we grew quickly and that’s how were able to get to 800 million members. On the business model side, we focused on recruiting. So giving recruiters special tools and access into the database so they could identify who they knew at different companies, and its not just who they know its who their friends knew, so it was really being able to grow with that kind of 6 degrees of separation to be able to leverage a giant database of 800 million people.Mar tin: How did you reach the first, lets say 10.000, or 100.000 members?Rick: Yeah, so a lot of that is a really leveraging your own network, inviting everyone that you know to join the service and luckily for us, we knew people who had big networks. So some of the early people who started to really spark back growth they invited their network and luckily for us it was a really influential network. People who had big Facebook followings and twitter followings, that really started to get the world out there quickly, so really like many entrepreneurs you invite everyone that you know, friends, family, and everyone you ever met and try to get them to use that service early on.Martin: Okay, great.ADVICE TO ENTREPRENEURS FROM RICK MARINI In San Francisco, we meet founder and CEO of BranchOut, Rick Marini. BranchOut was already the third startup idea of Rick. Rick describes how he came up with the idea and founded this company and how the current business model works. Rick also provides great and helpful advices for young entrepreneurs.The transcript of the interview is included below.INTRODUCTIONMartin: Hi, today we are in San Francisco with BranchOut. Rick, who are you and what do you do?Rick: I am Rick Marini, Im the founder and CEO of BrachOut and Ive been an entrepreneur for the last 15 years out here in Silicon Valley. Ive started three companies. Tickle.com was the first one back in 1999, and we grew that to be the largest personality testing site online. We sold that to Monster in 04 for 100 million dollars, and then I started a second company, called Superfan which built Facebook apps and social games and we pivot that over to BranchOut, which a large professional network, leveraging Facebook with about 800 m illion professional profiles.Martin: Great.BUSINESS MODEL OF BRANCHOUTMartin: Lets talk briefly about the business model of BranchOut. How did it work in the beginning and have there been any changes to the business model over time?Rick: Yes, its been a rollercoaster with BranchOut, plenty of changes as in any startup. You know BranchOut really started as a way to leverage our network within Facebook, which tends to be your friend network, people that you are close with, and leverage that for professional purposes. Typically people would use it for recruiting or finding a job, or sales, trying to build your network, and BranchOut really grew quickly early on because its a network effect business, the larger the network the more powerful it becomes. You want to invite all of your friends, and people on Facebook have an average of about 350 friends, and they were inviting everyone so we grew quickly and that’s how were able to get to 800 million members. On the business model side, we focused on recruiting. So giving recruiters special tools and access into the database so they could identify who they knew at different companies, and its not just who they know its who their friends knew, so it was really being able to grow with that kind of 6 degrees of separation to be able to leverage a giant database of 800 million people.Martin: How did you reach the first, lets say 10.000, or 100.000 members?Rick: Yeah, so a lot of that is a really leveraging your own network, inviting everyone that you know to join the service and luckily for us, we knew people who had big networks. So some of the early people who started to really spark back growth they invited their network and luckily for us it was a really influential network. People who had big Facebook followings and twitter followings, that really started to get the world out there quickly, so really like many entrepreneurs you invite everyone that you know, friends, family, and everyone you ever met and try to ge t them to use that service early on.Martin: Okay, great.ADVICE TO ENTREPRENEURS FROM RICK MARINIMartin: You told us in the talk before, that you have so many learnings over the years as being an entrepreneur for 15 years, can you share some of your learnings with us?Rick: Sure, its been a rollercoaster for 15 years. I love being an entrepreneur but this stuff is really hard. Its kind of like being an actor in LA, I think, where, you know, everyone wants to be Brad Pitt, or Julia Roberts and make 20 million a movie and all that stuff, and everybody up here wants to be Mark Zuckerberg or Larry (Page) or Sergey (Brin), but the reality is, a lot of people waiting for tables in LA, and a lot of people that try to be an entrepreneur and never achieve the success of Mark Zuckerberg. But the reality is theres nothing that Id rather do, I love being an entrepreneur its great, you just have to know what youre getting into, because it really is hard. You can never turn it off. Youre always thi nking about your business, youre always pitching your business, you can never shut it off. When you go home, youre probably not actually going home directly, youre going to some tech event, especially if youre here in bay area where there’s tech events every night. So Ive had the highest highs and the lowest lows in the same day. I mean you have to have the real stomach of steal to ride the rollercoaster and just understand what you’re getting into.Martin: You have been recently acquired by Hearst and any learnings that you get from that kind of exit route?Rick: So were just acquired this week by Hearst so this is great timing for this discussion. Were very excited, Hearst is a world class company, and were going to have the chance to act as entrepreneurs within Hearst. Theyve created a new digital product group that Im heading up, so thats wonderful. We have the security of Hearst, but still acting as entrepreneurs, to thats been great. I think every entrepreneur has the dream of taking a company public, the reality is that the most successful companies end up getting acquired, what we just did this week before they ever get to the IPO. Its really hard to get to the IPO. And its bitter sweet because you love having the control, and responsibility as an entrepreneur but you are also know you are working towards a building a company of real value, and again either its an IPO or more likely an acquisition, and there is a bitter sweet moment of, now Im kind of giving up my baby, luckily for us we get to continue on with Hearst and manage that, but, to be honest, we are very excited to be part of Hearst, like I said, its a rollercoaster and it feels good to be part of a great company in the end.Martin: A lot of young startups or maybe single developers try and think about OK, let me build an app for another platform, like IOS or Android of Facebook or whatever. You did it by yourself. You used Facebook for your services. Are there any learnings that you need t o consider as an entrepreneur when you make your business model so much dependent on another platform?Rick: Absolutely. You know, for us, with BranchOut growth, there is no way we couldve ever achieved those kinds of numbers without Facebook. Theres also a downside that you dont control that platform. So, on the early days of BranchOut, we grew quickly, we were adding 400.000 new users every day with zero marketing, just for free. We were leveraging on the Facebook network to the fullest, we really did a good job with that, but then Facebook made some changes later that made it tough for every app developer to be able to achieve anywhere near that kind of growth, and thats something thats a really good lesson for other entrepreneurs: when you develop for another platform, you dont control that, you dont control the rules. And they can change rules at any time, whether its Facebook or LinkedIn or Apple or Google, or whoever it is. That said, when youre developing for mobile, youve go t to develop for iOS and Android, you have to, thats 90% of the market, two of them combined. Android is interesting because you get to market quicker, but youre also developing for a lot of different platforms, lot of different phones. But at the end of the day, mobile to me is a future of communication, of technology, so for people who are developing apps for mobile, youve got to be on both iOS and the Android and youve got to play within the rules of Apple and Google and, luckily, both of those companies, I think, have done a good job at building real solid developer ecosystems.Martin: You started several companies. Is there any specific process behind, how you select your next business venture?Rick: Sure. I think that lot of people like to start companies based on their personal passion, and I think thats great but your personal passion also has to translate into your ability to raise money from investors, to be able to attract employees, and to be able to have a real exit later , because investors are investing for return. I think theres lot of people that want to start the next music site or sport site, and sometimes that works, Pandora and Spotify are networks that work. But at the end of the day, I think finding something that you can build that, for me, can change millions of lives in a positive way, is what my passion is. If you can find something that gets you fired up every day, whether its a personal passion or its just something that, again, can have that kind of global impact, that gets me excited. And being able to work with great employees and great advisors and investors, when you bring all that together, that, to me, is whats exciting in starting companies.Martin: Did you start with some kind of a long list and then try to shorten up and then come up with three or four great business ideas or did you decide for one or two or how do you go for starting a company?Rick: So, for my first company, Tickle, we started that because I was at Harvard b usiness school with my class made James Currier, we took the Myers-Briggs test back in 1997. We started the company in 99, upon graduation. But we realized, and this was years ago, that no one had ever done this online. That was just kind of the spark of Wow, we can bring all these quizzes online. With BranchOut that was by accident, I think a lot of companies are started by accident, where somebody had asked me for an introduction to a Facebook friend and I forgot which one of my friends worked at that company. So, I asked one of my engineers to build me a little widget that could go through all my Facebook, and Ive got over 2000, friends, going through manually wouldve taken too long, and then we had the spark of Wow, this is really powerful, a lot of people would use it. Its probably often, companies are started based on either your personal itch you need to scratch, like for BranchOut, or you just see this big opportunity where youre like Wow, no one has ever done that before. I t was lot easier to do that back in 1999, when internet was a lot younger than it is today. But I think those are definitely good ways to start companies I have an itch that needs to be scratched, and if its something that impacts a lot of other people, there may be a business.Martin: Are there any other learnings or advice, or maybe even mistakes that you did that you can share with?Rick: In terms of advice, one of the things that I think, young entrepreneurs or people who want to be entrepreneurs should think about is that when you start your first company, if youve never worked in an entrepreneurial setting, youre making it really difficult for yourself. My advice would be go work in a startup, especially one thats got some funding, an A or B round of funding, and go learn from a great entrepreneur. Go see the mistakes they make, see the wins they have, the successes, and learn from them. So, instead of going back for your MBA for two years, like I did, go work for a great star tup for two years, take that learning, and then go start your company. But, I think, without having those learnings, youre going to make mistakes that someone else couldve made on their dime while youre learning and earning a wage, so that to me is one of the big things that I think young entrepreneurs should do. Another, thats just really general, that has helped me in my career is to do a couple things that are really simple. Theyre simple, but you got to work on them:One is: work harder than everyone around you. Thats something that I did early in my career, I worked a lot hours and I did that so I could soak up as much knowledge as I could and also be seen as the go-to guy.Number two: have a good attitude. Attitude goes a long way. People who have a good attitude and are willing to work hard, those are the people who get mentored by the best people, because I want those people on my team, I want to hire those people. Smart people with a good attitude that are willing to work har d can go really far, whether that is professionally, or personally, whatever it is.Simple advice just do that and youre going to go pretty far. If you want to be an entrepreneur, go find a great company, learn there for 2 or 3 years, take all that and then youre in a better position to start a company.Martin: What advice you would give to a person who wants to start a company? Hes now in a safe job, working. Would you rather think Quit the job and start a company or do you rather advise them to build a company on the side, on weekends, for example?Rick: If the company they work for allows them to do that, then thats not a bad idea to start. And the reason for that is that quitting your job, especially if you have any kind of family obligations, if you have a wife or children or house, thats a scary thing to just say Im going to stop working at my safe, secure job and start a company. Test some ideas, see if theres any traction, because sometimes there are great ideas that just dont have the execution behind them. The flip side of that is can you really execute, if youre doing this part time? Thats why Id go back to: it really depends on your situation. If you have the ability, if you have the financial freedom to say I dont have to do this job, I can go and take a chance, then go ahead and take that chance. If you dont have that flexibility or freedom, and if the people that you want to hire dont have that as well, maybe you do this on nights and weekends if your employer allows you to do that, just to see if theres some traction, as soon as you start to see some real sparks that this is going to work, thats when you say OK, Im going to go for it 100%. Because its not just you that is potentially leaving the job, its the people that you need to attract to come work with you. Thats scary, because when you as a CEO take that responsibility on, not just for myself, and for my family, but also that on all this other people, youre now responsible for all the thei r families, making sure you hit payroll and making sure that the company is going in the right direction. That is a bigger responsibility than I think people who havent been an entrepreneur realize. Its scary and every CEO should take that seriously because people are putting their fate and their families trust in you.Martin: What would be the right point to raise outside money? Because a lot of people also try to bootstrap and when should they stop bootstrapping and maybe even fuel the company with outside money?Rick: Theres typically two times early on when you raise money. One is just a whiteboard and an idea, which youre going to raise out of lower evaluation because you havent proven it out. The other will be when you have real traction, maybe you bootstrapped it, maybe you brought some angel money in, and then youve got traction, you can go raise in a much higher evaluation. Of course, the scary part is What if dont ever get there?, and lot of people just want to get out there and raise couple hundred thousand, maybe five hundred thousand, just to get going, and I think that makes sense. Im going to go back to what I said a minute ago which is: if you can do something kind of on the side, to prove out theres something there, that could be the time to start raising some angel money. If you would like a convertible note, make it really simple, and raise maybe $500.000, something in that range, just so you can get yourself and maybe couple engineers on board and start to build towards a more robust product, get some traction and then you go out for some series A. Especially if youve never been an entrepreneur before, its really hard to go into a big, serious aid with just an idea in the whiteboard, because you dont have a reputation yet, you havent built that up. For more experienced entrepreneurs, that maybe had an exit or two, and have a well-known brand in Silicon Valley, they can often go right into the series A because the VCs have a relationship with them.Martin: Rick, thank you very much for your time and maybe next time you should also BranchOut.Rick: Thank you!

One Beat At a Time Essay - 1318 Words

One Beat at a Time When we think of cardio vascular diseases, we usually always associate them with the loss of a family member or friend. Almost everyone knows of someone who is affected by these tragic diseases. Since the ancient times, there have been clues left showing possible cardio vascular diseases within the Egyptian families. The earliest proof of a cardio vascular disease is of a 3,500 year old Egyptian mummy with a serious case of arthrosclerosis, which was identified via modern CT scan. During the next few centuries little is known about cardio vascular diseases and the death rate subsequently is low, until the turn of the Industrial age. Since this period of time cardio vascular diseases have hit hard at the heart leading†¦show more content†¦Premature atrial contractions are early additional beats that start in the atria and are usually innocuous and usually don’t require medical attention. Premature ventricular contractions are one of the most prevailing arrhythmia whe re the heart will skip a beat due to stress, caffeine overindulgence, or excessive exercise. Some people who have frequent contractions should seek medical attention, but if it is irregular it is usually harmless. Atrial fibrillation is quite frequent which causes the atria to contract out of rhythm. Atrial flutter is a more organized version of atrial fibrillation where it’s caused by one or many rapid circuits in the atria. Paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia originates above the ventricle and is known as a rapid heart rate. Accessory pathway tachycardias are a form of rapid heart rate that is due to extra passageway between the ventricles and atria. AV nodal reentrant tachycardia is another form of rapid heart rate that is caused through more than one passageway. These can both be treated with special therapy or medication. Ventricular tachycardia is a hasty heartbeat that begins in the ventricle section of the heart. This hasty beat prevents the heart from attaining t he right amount of blood to fill up, thus causing the body to receive much less blood than usual. Ventricular fibrillations are inconsistent impulses from the ventriclesShow MoreRelated A Rhythmic History of Hip-Hop Essay1214 Words   |  5 PagesThroughout its history, hip-hop has centered on the rhythm of the beat rather than the melody, which shows the connection between modern hip-hop and traditional African tribal music, often featuring complex polyrhythms and little to no melody. Hip-hop has also featured heavy bass sounds through out its history, with the rhythms hitting the second and fourth beat of each measure hard with either a heavy bass drum or a bass guitar. 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The Beat writers created a new vision of modern life and altered the nature of awareness in America. The Beat Generation was one of the first groups of writers to break down the barriersRead MoreEssay about Influential Poets of the Beat Generation1460 Words   |  6 PagesThe Beat Generation of poets was created by a group of poets in the 1950s that were part of a new culture in literature. They chose to use their experiences in their writings which were widely criticized as well as loved by many readers. Two of the most influential Beat Poets of that Generation of writers were Allen Ginsberg and Lawrence Ferlinghetti. The Beat Generation poetry was the first poets to write about non-conventional subjects as well as using different forms of expression in their works

Essay on Waiting Til the Midnight Hour - 1733 Words

Jerome Carlos Johnson SOCI 3345: Sociology of the 1960’s Five Page Book Review: Waiting ‘Til the Midnight Hour by Peniel Joseph February 28, 2013 Waiting ‘Til the Midnight Hour by Peniel Joseph Within the eleven chapters that comprise Waiting Til the Midnight Hour lays a treasure chest of information for anyone interested in Black or African American history, particularly the civil rights movement that took place during the 1950’s and 1960’s. I am a self-professed scholar of African American history and I found an amazing amount of information that I was not aware of. Like most who claim to be Black History experts, I was aware of the roles of Martin Luther King, Malcolm X, Rosa Parks, W.E.B. Du Bois and Marcus Garvey. However,†¦show more content†¦This book makes clear that the struggle for racial equality was nationwide and not just isolated to certain geographical locations. A common misconception about the civil rights movement is that blatant racism was a problem only encountered in the Deep South. However, Waiting ‘Til the Midnight Hour does a great job of clarifying this misconception and showing the many elements of the struggle for jus tice that blacks from coast to coast experienced. One of the most elements of the book is the evolution of the organization called SNCC. SNCC (Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee) was founded in conjunction with the lunch counter sit0ins that originated in Greensboro, North Carolina in February 1960. SNCC activists were known to practice slow, tedious and patient voter registration drives in the most dangerous parts of the South. However, they seldom received credit for their efforts on a national level. Despite their lack of national attention, SNCC activists often managed to annoy white federal officials and black civil rights leaders. SNCC attracted radicals from the Revolutionary Action Movement, black nationalists from the North and a host of other mavericks. From its humble beginnings, SNCC was a peaceful group that used nonviolent methods to seek racial equality. Over the course of time, SNCC became more assertive in their methods of demanding racial equality andShow MoreRelatedStealing from the Rich1158 Words   |  5 Pagesthick hedge with a wide gap in the front where a brick path led from the street to the steps. Those bricks, however, were painted a bright, glossy red that glimmered in the soft glow of the moon. To my eye, the house was a great serpent or reptile waiting with its tongue out. I had a sudden feeling of unease, but before I could mention this to my brother, he tapped my shoulder and jerked his head to one side. â€Å"Let’s move.† He said, slipping out of the alley and to the right. Wordlessly I followedRead More Comets Essay1895 Words   |  8 Pagesa week, on the average, and measure their brightnesses. On the night of July 22--the first clear night here in a week and a half--I planned to observe two comets. I finished with the first one--Periodic Comet Clark--shortly before midnight, and had about an hour and a half to wait before the second one-- Periodic Comet DArrest--rose high enough in the east to get a good look at. I decided to pass the time by observing some deep-sky objects in Sagittarius, and when I turned my telescope (aRead MoreEster : The Scarlet Letter11602 Words   |  47 Pageshusband has indicated to me that your decision to separate was largely based on your unfounded suspicions that he was cheating. I want you to spend at least an hour discussing this difficult but potentially rewarding subject this evening. An emotional event like that leaves its marks on the structure of our brains. In general, spending about an hour a day going over the facts can be very helpful. Try to come up with a time line of major events first, and then fill in the more minor ones. You can finishRead MoreEssay about Civil Rights Historiography3569 Words   |  15 Pagesgrassroots organizing and women played in the black power movement, which is largely missing from many historiographies. One major weakness of his work is that he spends a great deal of time discussing the importance of his own new book, Waiting ‘Til the Midnight Hour, which undermines his credibility to a certain extent. It makes the reader wonder—did he write this article to promote his own book, or to shed new light on the black power movement? Finally, Hasan Kwame Jeffries demonstrates that evenRead MoreSad Story Essay4687 Words   |  19 Pagesunpacking one day when thephone rang. A voice on the other end said, Your name was given tome as a possibility for a mentor in our school. Knowing very few peoplein town, I tried to imagine who might have volunteered me for this.Realizing the lady was waiting for an answer, I replied, Let me thinkabout it and call you back.I returned to my unpacking, but my mind was busy going over all thereasons I couldnt be a mentor. I wasnt even a parent, so how couldI work with kids. I wouldnt know what to do

This Cody Free Essays

â€Å"This Cody† Comparison Essay â€Å"What I wanted, I know now, was just to say our son’s name out loud. The crisp â€Å"c† and the rolling â€Å"o† and the slight flick of the tongue for the â€Å"dy†Ã¢â‚¬  (Anderson 5). This quote comes from the story â€Å"This Cody† by Lauri Anderson. We will write a custom essay sample on This Cody or any similar topic only for you Order Now It states how the narrator misses being able to say her sons name for he died not too long ago because he was kidnapped in a park. The husband feels as though his wife is a shame to him and she believes that the reason he does not look at her the same anymore is because the son looked exactly like her. Every time he looks at her face he sees his son and misses him so much. Although the author talks about many different types of scenes that the wife talks about in this story, Lauri Anderson portrays the narrator as a static character. I say she is a fixed character because her beliefs stay the same throughout the entire passage. For instance, she thinks the dam is going to break constantly, she thinks her husband does not love her anymore because it was her fault for their son dying and also she tells the cops three bold face lies about her son. The narrator has dreams about the dam breaking throughout the entire short story. In these dreams, the author has the narrator use imagery to describe her dreams and how intense they were. For example, â€Å"I have dreams about it. They all start the same way. We wake to water two inches deep and the dogs whining, backed into their corners. All night we sweep the water out, but by morning, we’re wading waist-deep in the cold, fishless shallows, filling our buckets† (Anderson 4). The river that used to go through their neighborhood is not being stopped by the dam and the wife gives the river and the dam human characteristics, which is personification, and says that the river is mad and wants to destroy everything that is now in its path. â€Å"What I have learned is that when the river returns, it won’t be the same river. All that time pushing against a wall will make you desperate. All that time, you won’t care about this tidy home or that. If you are the river, you will say, show me a thing I can’t destroy, and if you are the dam, and you are tired of pushing back, you will secretly want to let go† (Anderson 6-7). The narrator also says â€Å"Sometimes I can hear a humming that seems to come from two places at once: from far down the creek and also somewhere inside me, as if the dam is as much aware of me as I am of it. As if I need only to step onto the porch and open my arms† (12). This is an example of personification. The wife thinks that the dam knows as much about her as she knows about the dam. She thinks that the dam is going to spill all of her secrets and make everything worse than what it is now between her husband and herself. The dam is also an example of a symbol because it represents the relationship between the wife and the husband. â€Å"The dam is holding back every drop it was built to contain. Its concrete walls are eight feet thick. It is designed to collapse in and not out† (Anderson 16). All of the lies that she told the police and her husband are hidden behind the dam and the moment that the dam breaks is the moment when the entire world will know that she was selfish. â€Å"I told myself that he was fine, the park was safe. I told myself I deserved a few minutes alone with the sun and with the trees moving overhead† (Anderson 16). She was selfish in thinking that she needed time to rest her eyes in a public place instead of looking out for where her son was and knowing exactly where he was. Instead of thinking he is just in one of his hiding places or sitting on the ground right in front of her, she should have been going everywhere that he went. The wife’s husband did not start getting mad at her and being disgusted with her presence until their son died. The wife lied to the cops three times when their son died so that the blame was not on her and the husband would not leave her. On the day I lost our son, I told three lies. First, I said he had only been missing for fifteen minutes, when it was really more like an hour. Fifteen minutes still sounded hopeful, I thought† (Anderson 6). She thought that the lie would make herself feel better and it did for a while but she eventually started feeling bad about lying to the cops about something that was her fault. â€Å"The second lie I told on that day I lost my son was about a hat. I told the detective he was wearing one-a blue baseball cap with an orange fish on the front. I said this because it was a hot day, nearly ninety degrees in the city, and when we arrived at the park, I saw all of the kids were wearing hats and even tiny pairs of glasses† (Anderson 10-11). The wife did not want to seem like a bad mother because she lost her own son, although later it would be established that she was, so she lied to the cops about her own son wearing a hat and watched the man write it down on his notepad without even flinching or showing regret on her face. There were a number of things that the narrator confesses to the audience about what she did not tell the cops at the end of the story. I’ve never said that I leaned my head back and closed my eyes. I’ve never said that that I’d forgotten my sunglasses, and that the sun threw dappled shadows on my eyelids. No one knows that for maybe half an hour before I faded into sleep, I listened to my son playing nearby with another child, the sound like birds chasing each other in the treesà ¢â‚¬  (Anderson 15). This quote is an example of dramatic irony in that the husband does not know that it was the wife’s fault for their son being kidnapped. We the audience knows that she was the reason that her son was stolen at a park and kidnapped and had God know what done to him. The narrator also uses imagery to show how much the husband changed the way he looked and how different and difficult her life is now that their son died. â€Å"Some days I don’t recognize him. He’s grown out his beard, and the paunch I so lovingly stroked is now all muscle, his abdominals like flat stones stacked atop one another† (Anderson 4). The narrator’s husband changed the way he looked after the death. â€Å"I’m different two. Our dogs, two purebred Heelers Brian insisted we buy to go with our new life, won’t come when I call. The chickens peck my head when I reach for the eggs. The garden dies all at once, overnight. Last night, I found a scorpion on my pillow, his dancer’s arms poised to strike† (Anderson 4). This quote states how much the place that she is living now does not like her and she feels as though they are all out to get her, including her own husband. The author of the story â€Å"This Cody†, Lauri Anderson, uses different types of figurative language and imagery to portray the narrator as a static character. The wife is constantly thinking that the dam is going to break and all of her secrets will be revealed to her husband and the rest of the world and she everyone would know how bad of a mother she is. Throughout the story the narrator believes that her husband does not love her anymore because he blames her for his son’s death. He can not stand to look at her for their son looked exactly like her and every time he looks at her he sees his dead son. Also she continuously tells lies to the police and her husband about their son and what really happened that day at the park when he went missing. Works Cited Anderson, Lauri. â€Å"This Cody. † The Greensboro Review. 91. Spring (2012) : 4-16. Print. How to cite This Cody, Essay examples

Marketing Strategy of Tesla Model S

Question: Write about theMarketing Strategy of Tesla Model S. Answer: Introduction Tesla Motors was found by Elon Musk in the year 2003. Its main goal was to encourage the creation of electric cars and to make affordable vehicles. The CEO, Elon Musk, has a straight vision and used his skills to perfect the vehicle so far. The companys first car was Roadster which brought the electric innovation in the sedan segment with good pricing point. In the year 2012, they came up with the vehicle Tesla Model S. They brought it under the premium sedan segment. They chose to innovate and to create the best car with every generation. The aim was to popularize the use of electric cars so that non-renewable source of energy can be saved and focus can be given to use more and more renewable source of energy. The objective is to make our planet Earth a Green Planet by the year 2025. The company has been working hard and till now, 3 more cars have come into existence with all being the electric cars. They have now expanded from making 400 cars per year to a total of 400 cars per wee k now. The dedication of the team working at Tesla is praiseworthy. Also, the marketing of the cars has been done in a great manner to lure customers who have money and can support the good cause behind this electric car1. Summary of Tesla Product Model S The Model S is a result of Tesla's endeavors to put up a completely electric extravagance vehicle for sale to the public that has zero bargain. They have possessed the capacity to do this in view of their imaginative thoughts and dedication towards electric source for car. They always ask the question to themselves as Why not?" Why does an effective auto must be slow and uglier? Individuals that help the planet ought to be compensated, not punished. Model S has various advantages that fill in as strategic offers. Even more imperatively, it is for nothing out of pocket and returns overabundance charge again into the electric grid2. The Tesla Model S was one of the initial Electric cars which came into the market in the year 2012. It gradually got to be known for its superb performance along with the facilities and features which are inbuilt in the car. The wide reach of the car and growing popularity made Tesla continue its work in the current manner and further they went ahead in the launch of newer generations of Tesla Model S year after year. Thus, the car has received great appreciation from majority of the other automobile companies and from users worldwide. In the coming sections, we are going to check out the target market of Model S, Competitors of the car, its marketing mix and some more details. Targeting of Model S The Target market of Model S is to target the high society businessmen who are educated and with green thinking, with yearly pay over $150,000. Since, the Model S has an additional seat functionality and can load up to 7 individuals, they need to concentrate on families. Incorporated into the family class would be individuals who have not yet begun a family but rather are looking to later. Families are worried with security and execution. High society families are additionally worried with style and extravagance when looking for an auto. By isolating the objective showcasing into two sections, the father and the mother, they can unmistakably perceive how Tesla fits splendidly to take care of their issues when looking for an auto3. San Carlos, California-based Tesla as of now offers the Roadster electric car. The cost of the Roadster has restricted people to purchase it very easily. Only a few of the Hollywood stars managed to purchase the pricy car. The aim of the Tesla is to reduce the cost of the vehicle generation by generation to bring a car in the market which upper middle calls people can also afford. Musk stated that Tesla is determined to make the car "as reasonable as could reasonably be expected." He anticipates that the auto will speak to purchasers of mid-range to premium cars. Tesla arrangements to accomplish the 20,000 auto yearly rate about a year in the wake of going into generations. The organization hopes to get financing from the Department of Energy this year to bolster the Model S program. The Model S is comparable in size to different cars, yet it gloats an extremely inclined rooftop to make it more streamlined and guarantee its all-electric range4. Availability of Model S Tesla manufactures the Model S in Fremont, California. It acquired a factory which was once developed by the joint force of Toyota and General Motors. Currently, it is known as Tesla Factory. The site was bought at a rate of US $ 42 Million by Tesla. The deal occurred in the year 2010. Tesla has a distribution center in Tilburg, Netherlands from where it caters to the market of Europe. Near Tilburg, lies the Rotterdam Port which helps in further distribution of the cars manufactured to various geographic regions. This center is also used as a warehouse to store extra inventory of materials as well as finished goods5. Tesla, after the launch of Model S, started to roll out the vehicle in many major markets. After getting a good response in America, it went on to cater to the markets of Europe as well. The response was very good all over and the company wanted to expand further. It is also going to launch its car in some days in India. India can be a major market where it can rollout the newly launched vehicles. India is a major market in automobiles sector. The demand for premium cars is increasing and this is the correct time to enter Indian market. Tesla declared the launch of its new generation Tesla Model S in Spain in the year 2017 as a part of the plan to launch expansion in Western Europe. Other Products in Teslas Product Line The Product Line of the Tesla Motors includes the former Roadster series, Model S, Model X and the newly introduced Model 3. There are many more future models in the pipeline. The company started with the Tesla Roadster which was priced very high. The main vision of Tesla is to provide affordable cars with clean energy to every household6. His aim is to make cars affordable in every generation of new car. The revenue of one model will cover for most costs of next model and will make the cars less expensive. The Model S was introduced in 2012 which marked the success for Tesla. After that, the company never looked back. The success of Model S led way for entry of Model X and now the Model 3 in the year 2016. All the models of Tesla have attracted many new customers due to its stylish look and creative positioning. The all electric car has also made a point for themselves in saving energy. Competitors of Tesla S There are many competitors of Tesla once it began production of Electric Cars. Many major auto manufacturers have come up with their own Electric Cars. The popular among them to enter this segment of vehicle are Audi, Porsche, BMW etc. The primary competition of Tesla S was with Audi A7, Porsche Panamera, BMW 5-series etc. The other brands were providing tough competition to Tesla however, the CEO of Tesla, Elon Musk, was determined to provide affordable cars to people generation by generation. So, he continued towards his vision and never looked back (Mangfram, 2012). This helped him to overcome the competition in later years with new generation of Tesla Model S. Marketing Mix Product The Tesla Model was introduced in the year 2012 and has seen many new variants of the same car every year till the newest one on the year 2017. This car is very sturdy and all electric. Place The car has already been successful in American and European markets. Their plan is to launch the new models of the car worldwide. Price The Price of Model S is at a bit of higher end. However, the company plans to bring it down with every new generation. Promotion The company is targeting the rich folks with the initial models thereby laying down a road to reach middle class folks with its newer generation. Tesla Cars Specialty The vision of mission of Elon Musk for his company Tesla Motors was simple enough to provide every home with an affordable car running in clean energy. The company started with the Tesla Roadster which was priced very high7. The main vision of Tesla is to provide affordable cars with clean energy to every household. His aim is to make cars affordable in every generation of new car. The revenue of one model will cover for most costs of next model and will make the cars less expensive. The premium looking cars with top notch features running in fully clean energy is the dream that Tesla made true. This is the specialty of Teslas cars. Product Life Cycle Stage Every Product goes through a four stage Product Life Cycle. These includes the Introduction, Growth, Maturity and Decline. The Tesla Model S, when introduced in the year 2012 was in the first stage of Product Life Cycle. Over the years, it has grown and has created a market position for itself. Currently, it is in its Maturity stage with new models coming in from Tesla. Despite new models in the lineup, Tesla Model S remains the best buy for many customers8. Any Improvement Recommendation for the Product The company is working on the vision to provide affordable cars running on clean energy to everyone. This aim is one of major thing that world believes in. The cars made by Tesla have all the modern facilities and features equipped into it. However, they can try to bring in more features which will be helping the differently abled people as well to have a feel of their cars by sitting behind its wheels. The Tesla Motors can come up with some variants for differently abled persons so that they are not left out of the persona of Tesla Motors. Conclusion The vision of mission of Elon Musk for his company Tesla Motors was simple enough to provide every home with an affordable car running in clean energy9. The company started with the Tesla Roadster which was priced very high. The Teslas Product Line consists of the former Roadster series, Model S, Model X and the newly introduced Model 3. There are many more future models in the pipeline. The premium looking cars with top notch features running in fully clean energy is the dream that Tesla made true. Many major auto manufacturers have come up with their own Electric Cars. The popular among them to enter this segment of vehicle are Audi, Porsche, BMW etc. The primary competition of Tesla S was with Audi A7, Porsche Panamera, BMW 5-series etc. However, Tesla has always tried to win over the competition. References Bohnsack R, Pinkse J, Kolk A. Business models for sustainable technologies: Exploring business model evolution in the case of electric vehicles. Research Policy. 2014 Mar 31;43(2):284-300. Carlson WB. Tesla: Inventor of the electrical age. Princeton University Press; 2013 May 7. Hardman S, Shiu E, Steinberger-Wilckens R. Changing the fate of Fuel Cell Vehicles: Can lessons be learnt from Tesla Motors?. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy. 2015 Jan 30;40(4):1625-38. Karamitsios A. Open innovation in EVs: A case study of Tesla Motors. Mangram ME. The globalization of Tesla Motors: a strategic marketing plan analysis. Journal of Strategic Marketing. 2012 Jul 1;20(4):289-312. Morrish SC, Miles MP, Deacon JH. Entrepreneurial marketing: acknowledging the entrepreneur and customer-centric interrelationship. Journal of Strategic Marketing. 2010 Jul 1;18(4):303-16. Rothaermel FT. Strategic management. New York, NY: McGraw-Hill; 2015. Seireeni R. The gort cloud: the invisible force powering today's most visible green brands. Chelsea Green Publishing; 2010 Jul 15. Sortomme E, El-Sharkawi MA. Optimal charging strategies for unidirectional vehicle-to-grid. IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid. 2011 Mar;2(1):131-8.

Criteria For Heroes Essays - Greek Mythology, Mythology, Literature

Criteria for Heroes The ancient Greeks had strict criteria for individuals to follow if they were to be seen as heroes. Above all, a man needed to be a skilled warrior, but this was not the only requirement. To be a hero, a warrior had to respect authority, both governmental and religious. The Greeks gave heroes no room for pride. These men were to be modest, not only giving credit to their culture and the gods for any great deeds they had done, but also accepting everything that happened as Fate, not scenarios they had created for themselves. In other words, they did not make themselves what they were; rather, they had been predestined to become it. The final requirement of being a hero was coolness. Heroes were not permitted to be blinded by rage or have mood swings. In The Iliad, two Greeks are presented to the reader as heroes. They are Achilles and Diomedes. Although they are both good contenders for the title of hero, Diomedes is by far the better of the two. Diomedes is one of the finest and brav est of the Greek warriors. He is respectful to all authority figures and has little or no pride. Always wise and reasonable, he may be the vision of the perfect nobleman. Both Achilles and Diomedes easily meet the first requirement, that a hero must have skill on the battlefield. Throughout The Iliad, Homer tells of their incredible (though usually god-aided) feats during the many battles of the Trojan War. Perhaps the greatest example of Achilles? fighting skill is when he fights with and kills Hector, the greatest of the Trojan warriors (260-261). However, this fight may have never happened if Athena had not disguised herself as one of Hector?s brothers and convinced him to fight (260). That was not enough though, as Athena then helped Achilles win the fight (260-261). This seems to be the case with all of Achilles? battles. A god, goddess, or gods help him in battle by strengthening and encouraging him and his men, or they rally a Trojan army into entering a futile final battle. Diomedes is also guilty of receiving help from the gods. After praying for Athena?s aid, Diomedes proceeds to not only slay Pandaros (who wounded him earlier) and many othe r Trojans, but also wound Aeneas in his hip and his mother Aphrodite in her hand (60-64). Later on in the same battle, Diomedes thrusts his spear through the belly of Ares, also done with the help of Athena (73). Another example of Diomedes skill comes when he and Odysseus spy on the Trojan camp. Diomedes goes ahead of Odysseus and strikes down so many Trojans that ?the ground was reddened with blood? (124). Even before this, Diomedes prayed again to Athena for help. It seems no Greek warrior could fight their own battles; instead, they requested help from the gods. This fact makes it difficult to discern the better fighter between Achilles and Diomedes, but the common choice would probably be Achilles because of his legendary status and he was the son of an immortal. Achilles fails miserably at respecting anyone in authority, whether governmental or religious. He not only disrespects King Agamemnon?s authority, but also the goddess Athena herself. This lack of respect begins when Achilles calls an assembly of the Greeks, something only Agamemnon was able to do (12). He then proceeds to insult the king, telling him he is greedy, shameless, a cheater, and a drunk (14-15). To top it off, Achilles contemplates drawing his sword to strike down Agamemnon, and is only stopped by Athena grabbing his hair (14-15). (Needless to say, killing the leader of your nation would be the ultimate act of disrespect to the government.) Although he does so badly with respect for government authority, Achilles has no problem respecting human religious authority, only because he has no encounters with priests, prophets, and etceteras. However, he does show some disrespect to Athena for stopping his murder of King Agamemnon. Instead of following the goddess? orders whole -heartedly, he does it quite reluctantly and talks back in the process (15). Diomedes is the opposite of Achilles in the area of respect and demonstrates a great

Akindele Owolabi Essays (1145 words) - Racism, Identity Politics

Akindele Owolabi Essays (1145 words) - Racism, Identity Politics Akindele Owolabi Nikongo Ba'Nikongo The African Experience in film November 28, 2015 Racism in the Americas and Africa Racism is prejudice, discrimination, or antagonism directed against someone of a different race based on the belief that one's own race is superior. Racism has been especially prevalent in Africa and in the Americas for the past few decades. In the Americas, Blacks have been discriminated against and attacked because of their color. Even though blacks are originally from Africa, the same discrimination and general mistreatment has been done there as well. Racism has affected the lives of blacks through violence, through acting as a unifying force, and through perpetuating poverty. Throughout history, blacks have been victims at the hands of violence for decades. "Cry Freedom" depicts that experience in Africa. The movie "Cry Freedom" is essentially about the fight against apartheid from the perspective of a journalist Donald Woods and it also shows the highlights of Steve Biko's life. Steve Biko was one of the many South Africans that were jailed, beaten, tortured, killed during the apartheid era. Also depicted in the film, when blacks went to riot in front of the police against the unfair laws of apartheid, they were attacked with pepper spray and if they continued to riot, were sometimes shot on site. Police spared no one; men, women, and children were all shot mercilessly. This these actions by the police were also displayed in the motion picture a "Dry White season". Gordon Ngubene, the son of an all white school teacher's gardener, was beaten then captured and tortured by the local police. In the Americas, violence was definitely an experience blacks had to deal with due to racism. The film Mississippi burning displayed violence during the Civil Right movement as three Civil Rights workers, who were organizing a voter registry clinic, went missing in Mississippi's Jessup County. While the FBI are still investigating the murders, the Ku Klux Klan, with help from the police, target the frightened African-Americans, brutally torturing them and setting their houses on fire. In the motion picture Malcolm X directed by Spike Lee, there was a brief part in the beginning of the film that showed Malcolm's life as a young child in Omaha, Nebraska. His family's home was set on fire and his father was killed by the Klu Klux Klan causing him and his siblings to become wards of the state. A last example of violence due to racism is in the fictional movie "Higher learning". Deja, the young collegiate track star for Columbus University, was killed by a fellow classmate/white supr emacist Remy in his attempts to terrorize the blacks on campus and to show his Aryan Brothers that he was a true white supremacist. These are just a few of many other examples that shows how racism towards Blacks causes violence and in some cases leads to death. Although racism has exacerbated violence and other negative things, it has created a sense of unity in black communities. A prime example of that is in the film Malcolm X. The black men of Malcolm's community came together and were unified through Islam. Although later on conflicts occurred within the nation of Islam, at the moment, it gave the blacks in his community a sense of hope and purpose and encouraged them throughout their conflicts with the whites. In South Africa their bravery and unity helped them in their peaceful protests and sometimes riots. The Africans came together in their community whenever they were about to go protest in front of the police. Although they knew some of them would be attacked and killed by the police, they were still unified because of the strong passion they had for the elimination of the apartheid era. On the campus of Columbus University in "higher learning", the black students also came together. They met to bring up matters that concerned them such as not feeling like their school is a safe environment and the discrimination from their campus police and some of their fellow classmates that were in the white Fraternities and Sororities. Racism can create a sense of unity force. Throughout history humans have always come together in hard times for encouragement and support of one another. In

MCH Programs and Policies Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

MCH Programs and Policies - Assignment Example y contraceptives were safe for use and a litigation by over 60 women and medical groups’ in 2001 forced FDA to approve emergency contraceptives for use over-the-counter for all women. Thereafter, various state government established laws that allowed sale of emergency contraceptives without a doctor’s prescription but in 2011, the Obama administration restricted access to those under 17 years (Center for Reproductive Rights, 2015). The policy has improved economic welfare of many women. They are not inconvenienced by unwanted pregnancies, although it has not reduced the risk of acquiring sexual infections. Religious groups believe plan B causes abortion while but researchers prove it prevents implantation. Emergency contraceptives have reduced agony and suffering from women who previously had to seek abortion services after unprotected sex. College girls no longer drop out of school due to unwanted pregnancy inconveniences (Glasier & Baird, 1998). Drug manufacturers, women rights group, FDA and religious groups have vested interests the bill. Drug manufactures, would want it approved for use by all without restrictions. Women groups find it a right violation and medical groups such as pediatric associations believe that it important because it reduces the cost of unwanted pregnancies and the risk of complications during delivery and late abortions. Religious groups find it immoral. The FDA and government find that people are likely to abuse the drugs (Culp-Ressler, 2013; Faà ºndes, Tavara, Brache, & Alvarez, 2007). Culp-Ressler, T. (2013). Judge Rules Emergency Contraception Should Be Available To All Women Over The Counter. Retrieved from http://thinkprogress.org/health/2013/04/05/1826411/judge-plan-b-over-counter/ Faà ºndes, A., Tavara, L., Brache, V., & Alvarez, F. (2007). Emergency contraception under attack in Latin America: response of the medical establishment and civil society. Reproductive Health Matters, 15(29),

Review of the Service Setting Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Review of the Service Setting - Essay Example The organization also sells various types of confectionary as well as pastry items along with equipment for coffee such as coffee beans, travel mugs and other such coffee related items. The company has further grown and ventured into several other options such as selling its coffee beans in retail stores operated under the name of Starbucks. Moreover, Starbucks also produces premium quality ice cream along with Frappuccino as a labeled specialty drink through its subsidiary parties. In addition, Starbucks has a sister concern by the name of Tazo Tea Company that sells premium quality tea products in retail. Starbucks works under the premise that each country and each neighborhood should know the name of Starbucks and associate it with positive feelings particularly towards the food products that the company sells. The paper will focus primarily on the customer service elements of Starbucks coffee retail outlets that focus on selling hot and cold coffee drinks along with food items su ch as pastry items (History of Starbucks, 2003). Review of the Service Setting Starbucks is a global organization with its retail outlets in a large number of countries across the world. The root of success for Starbucks has primarily been the quality of service it provides to its customers, which has helped the company to gain loyal consumers in the longer term. The channels that Starbucks uses are critical in developing a holistic customer experience thus gaining the company loyal customers (History of Starbucks, 2003). As a customer, the service experience that I had with Starbucks included several elements including a greeting, listening to my order and noting down the details about what I specifically wanted, and providing me with the service and my coffee with a smile wishing me a good day. As a customer I believe this was very important because it made me feel that they were taking time out to understand my order and make me feel involved and a part of Starbucks. Verheof et a l. (2009) believe that retail stores particularly service related retail stores consider service quality towards consumers extremely important because it helps in keeping customers involved, allowing for a stronger customer base that can bring in larger amounts of revenue. Management of customer experience is now becoming part of organizations’ longer term vision and mission because products, channels and services can become brands with their own personality through effective management of this customer experience (Michelli, 2007; Badgett, Boyce & Kleinberger, 2007). Frow and Payne (2007) suggest that the effective management of customer experience is through exceptional customer service and this can only be done if the correct touch points of the customer are managed effectively. At this point, the Starbucks staff tried to greet me nicely and wished me a good day which I felt was important as not many people are inclined towards it; as most people are too busy with their wor k. Thus I feel that Starbucks did cover some of the touch points which are important to a customer. The key touch points of the customer’s experience have to be noted for each scenario in case of a service setting and then targeted in such a manner that the customer experience can be enhanced positively towards the service or retail brand. Starbucks is one such popular example that many scholars and authors (Enquist et al., 2007; Fang & Yu, 2009) try to

The Kalabagh Dam Consequences

The Kalabagh Dam Consequences The Kalabagh dam is controversial for many reasons. A key reason has to do with the decision making process, which is highly centralized, politically coercive, and technically flawed. Regrettably, when the need is for broad-based stakeholder consultations, the existing trend is towards even greater centralization. For instance, the rotating chairmanship of the Indus River System Authority has recently been converted into a permanent appointment, provincial resolutions against Kalabagh have been given short shrift, the Council of Common Interests (CCI) has consistently ignored the matter and community concerns continue to be met with blatant disregard. Small wonder then that the political leadership in the smaller provinces and civil society are up in arms against Kalabagh. In this essay, we critically examine four contested aspects of the Kalabagh dam. These relate to: water availability; environmental impacts; food and energy; and technical and financial feasibility. The work of colleagues is gratefully acknowledged. Water availability is an over riding concern. Is surplus water available to justify the Kalabagh project? WAPDA itself the generic source has sown confusion on this issue. It cites two average flow figures: 123 MAF (million acre-feet) and 143 MAF. The first calculation is based on a 64-year period (1922-1996) and includes both wet and dry cycles. The second estimate is based on a much shorter and wet cycle period of 22 years (1977-1994). Since the total requirement (inclusive of the additional allocation of 12 MAF under the 1991 Water Accord), is calculated at 143 MAF, there is a clear short fall of 20 MAF if we use the first estimate. This means Kalabagh may remain dry every 4 out of 5 years. Even the higher flow figure (143 MAF) overlooks certain factors. The first of these is system (evaporation and seepage) losses. If such losses increased from 6.2 MAF post Mangla to 14.7 MAF post-Tarbela, presumably, they will be even higher post-Kalabagh. This would have adverse implications for inter-provincial water distribution. New irrigation infrastructure appears untenable in view of these losses, since the increased upstream off-takes would be at the expense of downstream flows. This concern is also ignored when presenting Kalabagh as a replacement for Tarbela. Tarbela is projected to lose 5.3 MAF of its storage capacity by the year 2010. Since Kalabagh would, essentially, be replacing this loss, the Right and Left Bank canals would divert even more of Sindhs allocations than they presently are. In addition, illegal off-takes would also tend to be exacerbated. Consider now the environmental implications of constructing yet another large dam on the Indus River ecosystem. A catalogue of existing degradation provides the context for future environmental impacts of dams like Kalabagh. Degradation of the Indus delta ecosystem, as a result of reduced water outflows, is already a highly visible phenomenon. The present level of silt discharge, estimated at 100 million tons per year, is a four-fold reduction from the original level before large dams were constructed on the River Indus. The combination of salt-water intrusion (some reports show this as 30 km inland), and reduced silt and nutrient flows has changed the character of the delta considerably. The area of active growth of the delta has reduced from an original estimate of 2,600 sq. km (growing at 34 meters per year) to about 260 sq. km. The consequent ravages to the ecosystem have been exceptionally severe, in particular to the mangroves, which are its mainstay. They sustain its fisheries, act as natural barriers against sea and storm surges, keep bank erosion in check and are a source of fuel wood, timber, fodder and forest products, a refuge for wildlife and a potential source of tourism. Without mangroves and the nutrients they recycle and the protection they provide, other components of the ecosystem would not survive. The direct and indirect benefits of mangroves are enormous. In 1988, Pakistan earned Rs.2.24 billion from fish exports, of which shrimps and prawns constituted 72%. Additional income is generated from fuelwood, fodder and forest products was another Rs.100/- million. Not only is this revenue at risk from mangrove loss, but the physical infrastructure required to replace the natural protection provided by the mangroves (dykes, walls) would entail enormously high capital and maintenance costs. The health of mangroves is directly linked to fresh water inflows. Releases below Kotri barrage in most years and excluding floods average 10 MAF. Of this, little or none actually reaches the mangroves. The rest is lost due to evaporation or diversions. According to the Sindh Forestry Department, about 27 MAF is required to maintain the existing 260,000 ha. of mangroves in reasonably healthy condition. This is 27 MAF more than currently available, a situation which has contributed to ecosystem instability and mangrove loss. Within the framework of the Indus Water Accord, an additional 12 MAF would be diverted for upstream dam construction including Kalabagh. This would reduce existing sub-optimal flows further and aggravate an already critical situation. A community of about 100,000 people, residing on the northern side of the Indus Delta, depends on the mangroves for their livelihood. The prevailing view is that being under privileged, such communities are prone to degrade their environment. However, it is difficult to fathom why poor communities should endanger the very basis of their existence. The more likely explanation is that community practices have not changed, but they appear unsustainable because the resource base has begun to degrade. Communities are more often the victims than the agents of such degradation are. The real culprits are water diversion; biological and chemical water contamination and large-scale commercial practices, compounded both by institutional ignorance and complicity in such practices. Mangrove loss is only one among the many manifestations of biodiversity deficits emerging along the entire length of the Indus River ecosystem. The ecosystem has been severely fragmented over time by its extensive network of dams, canals and barrages, resulting in threats to a variety of species and organisms, the most notable among them being the Indus dolphin and the palla fish. Both can be classified as indicator species, as their impending loss represents the loss of a way of life, characterized by interdependence between communities and their environment. Another myth firmly embedded in the minds of our planners is that large dams are the perfect flood prevention devices. The evidence for Pakistan shows otherwise; that its large dams not withstanding, there has been no reduction in the incidence and intensity of floods nor in the associated losses in lives, crops, livestock and infrastructure. There is no seeming pattern to the floods other than the fact that they could have coincided with wet cycles. In actual fact, the severity of flood impacts appears to have increased after the two major dams, Tarbela and Mangla, were constructed. In actual fact, the shrinking of the riverbeds due to water diversions reduces their absorptive capacity and hence enhances the danger of flooding. River ecosystems have a natural capacity to deal with floods and these natural processes provide many benefits. Flood plains, wetlands, backwaters are commonly referred to as natures sponges; they absorb and purify excess water as a hedge against lean periods. They act as spawning grounds for fish and wildfowl. The floods themselves replenish agricultural soils. Communities living around these areas adapt to this natural rhythm and use its bounty to ensure reliable and sustainable livelihoods. It has also been pointed out that dams dont prevent floods, they merely create flood threat transfer mechanisms. The solution is to work with communities, rely on their knowledge and to supplement their flood mitigation and coping strategies. Two of the most commonly cited arguments in favor of large dams relate to food security and energy. Such arguments have become increasingly compelling in the light of perceived threats to food security and the recent furor surrounding the private power projects. We examine both of these arguments in turn. Additional water from Kalabagh can enhance crop production in three ways: by irrigating new land; by enhancing cropping intensity on existing land; or through yield enhancement. The first option appears tenuous. It is claimed that Kalabagh will irrigate close to an additional million hectares of barren land, and bring Pakistan closer to wheat self-sufficiency. However, the reports of the National Commission on Agriculture and the National Conservation Strategy suggest otherwise. They indicate that available cultivable land is almost fully utilized, leaving little scope for extensive cultivation. Between 1952 and 1977, about 80% of the increase in total cropped area was due to the cu ltivation of new land. Since then, this proportion has fallen dramatically, with double cropping accounting for the bulk of the increase. The reports suggest that in addition to the water constraint a very tangible land constraint exists as well. Crop production can also be increased through cropping intensity increases or crop yield enhancements. Both are water dependent and establish an a priori justification for Kalabagh. The NCS report states that at present 12.2 million hectares of land are available for double cropping while only 4.4 million hectares are being double cropped clearly water is the constraining factor. With respect to yield enhancements, water is again required in large quantities by the high yielding seed varieties (wheat, cotton, rice, maize) and for its synergetic effects upon chemical inputs. However, a critical choice needs to be made here. Does one opt for additional water, or can the same results be achieved through improved water use efficiency? Higher water retention in the system risks aggravating an already massive problem of water logging and salinity. In fact, the controversial and exorbitantly expensive ($780 million), 25-year National Drainage Plan project has been launched to mitigate its impacts. Kalabagh is bound to add to the problem, not only in its immediate environs but also where new irrigation infrastructure is to be situated. A clearly preferred choice is to use existing water more efficiently, and to focus on the necessary institutional changes for its equitable distribution. Some of the proposed measures are canal and watercourse rehabilitation, land leveling, improved on-farm water management and, at the policy level, switching demand based management while protecting the needs of the poor small farmers. These are clearly win-win solutions as they are relatively low cost, efficient, equitable and environmentally friendly. After the recent commotion over private power, the government began to hype up Kalabagh as an alternative source of cheap and clean energy. In the process, it switched adroitly from its earlier position that energy demand had been overstated, to one where it now posits a deficiency in supply. However, the cheap energy argument is becoming increasingly untenable both financially and technically. Donors such as the World Bank and the Asian Development Bank are unlikely to provide concessional funding for Kalabagh. This reflects their commitment to the thermal based private power projects, as well as the censure they have faced for getting embroiled in projects with major environmental and resettlement costs. And even if concessional funding was available, it is still not clear that hydel unit costs would be lower than thermal, once these costs are factored in. At this point, the whole debate appears to be moot since the government is scampering for funds to keep the economy afloat against the backdrop of sanctions. Even so, renewed policy statements suggest there is a resolve to proceed when the situation permits. Apart from the political compulsions, there is an inertial aspect to this decision as well. Institutional and financial paralysis inhibits the scope for energy conservation, efficiency improvements and diversification. The options have been identified often enough: on the supply side these are reduction of transmission and distribution (TD) losses and renewable energy development technologies (solar, wind, biomass). On the demand side, both technical and economic options exist for energy conservation. While these have been employed to some extent (tariff increases, energy efficient lighting), the efforts are a far cry from the kind of sustained initiatives launched in some South Asian countries, such as Thailand, where revamped e nergy supply systems are part of a larger network, with linkages to RD, the private sector and trade facilities. The title of a study Tarbela Dam Sedimentation Management, carried out by TAMS-Wallingford (March 1998) is self-explanatory. It shows that a de-silted Tarbela would yield the same irrigation benefits as Kalabagh, but at one-seventh the cost in net present value terms. The study states that, replacement of [irrigation and energy] benefits by constructing a new dam and reservoir down stream is feasible, but will be expensive, environmentally damaging and socially harmful. An alternative option cited is the construction of new outlets at the Tarbela Dam that will enable sediment to be flushed from the reservoir. The proposed Tarbela Action Plan is based on computer simulations of sediment flows. These simulations were designed to determine whether flushing was technically feasible and could be used to enhance long run storage capacity and to predict future sedimentation. Based on these simulations, a three phased action plan was proposed. The implementation of this plan would ensure long term and sustainable storage with only a small annual reduction in capacity. The estimated increase in retention at 6 MAF is exactly what the Kalabagh reservoir is designed to hold. Our conclusion is that the burden of proof is on those who advocate building the Kalabagh Dam. Our findings show that it is not economically, socially or environmentally viable. Also, the proposed benefits are based on faulty or misunderstood premises and, in any case, there exist in each case more viable and cost effective alternatives.

Angiosperms and Gymnosperms

PRACTICAL 6 Seed Plants (Gymnosperms and Angiosperms) OBJECTIVES: 1. To describe the features of seed plant life cycle and the concept of the dominant generation. 2. To describe the life histories and related reproductive structures of gymnosperms and angiosperms. 3. To summarize the features that distinguish gymnosperms and angiosperms. 4. To discuss the advantages of seed plants to dominate land and their evolutionary adaptations on land. EXPERIMENT 1: Gymnosperms INTRODUCTION:Gymnosperms (720 species in 65 genera) are ancient seed plants that include ginkgos (Division Ginkgophyta), cycads (Division Cycadophyta), conifers (Division Coniferophyta), and gnetophytes (Division Gnetophyta). The term gymnosperm derives from the Greek wood roots gymnos, meaning â€Å"naked†, and sperma, meaning â€Å"seed†. They are naked-seeded plants meaning that the ovule, which becomes a seed, is exposed on the sporophyte at pollination. Mature seed are not enclosed in a fruit as are tho se of flowering plants. Gymnosperms are best known for their characteristic cones, called strobili.These strobili display sporangia and their subsequently developing ovules and pollens. Gymnosperms do not require water for sperm to swim to reach the egg as do seedless plants. Instead, immense amount of windblown pollen are produced. Most gymnosperm cones, including the familiar pine cone, are complex whorls of leaflike, woody scales around a central axis. The smallest cones include those of the junipers (Juniperus) which have flesh scales fused into a structure resembling a berry. The larger cones may weigh 45 kg and are produced by cycads.In most gymnosperm species, the female megastrobilus is larger and distinctive from the male microstrobilus. MATERIALS: 1. Living or preserved specimens of * Ginkgo (Ginkgo biloba) * Cycad (Cycad sp. ) * Pine (Pinus sp. ) 2. Prepared slide of gymnosperms 3. Compound microscope 4. Dissecting microscope 5. Slide and coverslip 6. Forceps 7. Distilled water PROCEDURE: A ginkgo: 1. A prepared slide of male strobilus of Ginkgo biloba is examined. The microsporophyll, microsporangium, and strobilus axis are identified. 2. A prepared slide of female strobilus of Ginkgo biloba is examined.The megasporophyll, megasporangium, and strobilus axis are identified. A cycad: 1. A female cycad is examined. The leaves, megasporophylls, megasporangia and developing seed are identified. 2. The pollen cone bears on male cycad. Pollinated cone is examined and microsporophyll, microsporangia, and pollen grains are identified. A pine: 1. A male cone and female cone of Pinus sp. are obtained. 2. A prepared slide of longitudinal section of female cone is examined. The megasporophyll, megasporangia, and ovule are looked. 3. A prepared slide of longitudinal section of male cone is examined.The microsporophyll, microsporangia, and pollen grains are looked. 4. Fertilization occurs after the pollen tube penetrates the megasporangium and allows sperm to ent er the archegonium and fuses with the egg. The zygote will form after fertilization. A prepared slide of the developing embryo of Pinus sp. is examined. 5. Mature seed cone is obtained. The seed with wing attached to the ovuliferous scale is found. 6. The anatomy of pine leaf one needle is examined. The following: epidermis, stoma, photosynthetic mesophyll, endodermis, phloem, xylem, and resin duct are identified.RESULTS Cross section of Ginkgo Biloba Cross section of Cycad Cross section of female pine Cross section of male pine EXPERIMENT 2: Angiosperms INTRODUCTION: Angiosperms are the most abundant, diverse, and widespread of all land plants. They are successful because they are structurally diverse, have efficient vascular systems, share a variety of mutualisms (especially with insects and fungi), and have short generation times. Flowering plants are important to human because our world economy is overwhelmingly based on them.Indeed, we eat and use vegetative structures (roots, stems and leaves) as well as reproductive structure (flowers, seeds, and fruits). You will find that many of the vegetative structures are quite similar to those of more ancient plants shown. The roots, stems, and leaves of flowering plants function just as those of ferns and cone bearing plants. Flowers and fruits, however are unique adaptations of angiosperms. Biologists believe that the extraordinary adaptiveness of these structures has led to the proliferation of the incredible diversity found among flowering plants. MATERIALS: 1.Living specimens of angiosperms (dicots & monocots) with roots, stems, leaves, flowers, fruits and seeds. (Imperata cylindrical, zea mays, Carica papaya, Phaseolus sp. ) 2. Prepared slide of angiosperms (dicots & monocots) 3. Compound microscope 4. Dissecting microscope 5. Slide and coverslip 6. Forceps 7. Distilled water PROCEDURE: Roots: 1. A root of dicots and monocots are obtained for morphology and anatomy study. 2. The root systems of representati ve dicot and monocot are looked. 3. Cross section of dicot root shows the central stele is surrounded by a thick cortex and epidermis.The following: epidermis, cortex, parenchyma cells, starch grains, pericycle, endodermis, phloem, and xylem are identified. 4. Cross section of monocot roor shows this root has a vascular cylinder of xylem and phloem that surrounds a central pith. The following: epidermis, cortex, endodermis, Casparian strip, pith, phloem, and xylem are identified. 5. A prepared slide of the roots for some other species is obtained and their structure is identified. Stems: 1. The longitudinal section of shoot tip of representative dicot and monocot is studied.The following: leaf, leaf primordium, apical meristem, ground meristem, axillary bud, vascular bundle, and pith are identified. 2. A dicot and monocot is obtained and a cross section of the stems is made and the arrangement of vascular bundles is examined. The anatomy between this dicot and monocot is compared. 3 . For both type of plants, epidermis, cortex, phloem, xylem, cambium, pith, and vascular bundle are identified. Leaves: 1. Fresh specimen provided in lab is looked. Flowering plants show a variety of morphology to identify, such as, leaf arrangements and leaf venation. 2.Using fresh prepared slide or prepared slide of some flowering plants, the structure of the leaves is studied. The leaves have common features: cuticle, air space, lower epidermis, upper epidermis, palisade mesophyll, spongy mesophyll, and vascular bundle are noticed. Flowers: 1. The longitudinal section of some flowers is looked. The parts of a flower: stigma, pistil, style, ovary, sepal, receptacle, peduncle, petal, filament, stamen, and anther are named. 2. A prepared slide of a cross section of mature anther (lily anther) is examined. Sections of the four microsporangia are found.Pollen grains within a microsporangium is looked. 3. A prepared slide of a cross section of an ovary (lily ovary). The several ovules are found. Megaspore mother cell within megasporangium is looked. The megasporangium develops is studied. The placenta, integuments, microphyle, egg cell, central cell, and polar nuclei are identified. 4. The demonstration slide of double fertilization is observed and the zygote, primary endosperm nucleus, and central cell of the female gametophyte are identified. Fruits and seeds 1. A sample of dry, dehiscent fruits (peanuts) is obtained.The fruit wall, cotyledon, plumule of embryo, embryo, radical, cotyledon, and seed coat are identified. 2. A sample of simple flesy fruits (tomato, a berry) is obtained. Pericarp, mesocarp, endocarp, locule, seed and placenta are identified. 3. A prepared slide of corn grain (Zea mays), a caryopsis fruit is examined. The pericarp of a corn grains is tightly united and inseparable from the seed. The pricarp, endosperm, cotyledon, coleoptiles, plumule bud, embryo, radical, and coleorhizae are identified. RESULTS Cross section of root Cross section of stemCross section of leaves Cross section of flower Cross section of seed DISCUSSION For the lower vascular plants the important evolutionary development was in the water and food conducting tissues of the sporophyte. As we move on through the plant kingdom the next important development was the seed. The free living gametophyte is a vulnerable phase of the life cycle. Reproduction by seeds is a less chancy procedure and has other advantages for plant survival and dispersal. Seeds can be remarkably tolerant of environmental extremes heat, cold and drought.Unlike free-living gametophytes seeds can postpone their development until conditions are right. And, of course, we find them very convenient for plant propagation. Already in the coal-measure forests there were plants that reproduced by seeds. Some were the so-called â€Å"seed ferns†. Others were the ancestors of the plants we now know collectively as â€Å"gymnosperms†. In these plants the seeds are not enclosed i n an ovary, as in the flowering plants; they grow on the surface of a modified leaf in a strobilus or cone. â€Å"Gymnosperm† means naked seed. Alternation of generations is still involved in the reproduction of these plants.They are all heterosporous: the microspores are shed as pollen, whereas the megaspore germinates in the strobilus to produce the female gametophyte. The archegonia in this gametophyte get fertilized by sperm from the male gametophyte and the zygote grows to produce an embryo which is enclosed in a seed coat of tissue from the parent plant. Gymnosperms were the dominant land plants in the age of dinosaurs, the Cretaceous and  Jurassic periods. The surviving gymnosperms in the Coniferophyta, Cycadophyta and Ginkgophyta are similar in their woody habit and pattern of seed development but are not closely related.The characteristic feature of angiosperms is the flower. Flowers show remarkable variation in form and elaboration, and provide the most trustworth y external characteristics for establishing relationships among angiosperm species. The function of the flower is to ensure fertilization of the ovule and development of  fruit  containing  seeds. The floral apparatus may arise terminally on a shoot or from the axil of a leaf (where the  petiole  attaches to the stem). Occasionally, as in  violets, a flower arises singly in the axil of an ordinary foliage-leaf.More typically, the flower-bearing portion of the plant is sharply distinguished from the foliage-bearing or vegetative portion, and forms a more or less elaborate branch-system called an  inflorescence. There are two kinds of reproductive cells produced by flowers. Microspores, which will divide to become  pollen grains, are the â€Å"male† cells and are borne in the  stamens  (or microsporophylls). The â€Å"female† cells called megaspores, which will divide to become the egg cell (megagametogenesis), are contained in the  ovule  and enc losed in thecarpel  (or megasporophyll).The flower may consist only of these parts, as in  willow, where each flower comprises only a few stamens or two carpels. Usually, other structures are present and serve to protect the sporophylls and to form an envelope attractive to pollinators. The individual members of these surrounding structures are known as  sepals  and  petals  (or  tepalsin flowers such as  Magnolia  where sepals and petals are not distinguishable from each other). The outer series (calyx of sepals) is usually green and leaf-like, and functions to protect the rest of the flower, especially the bud.The inner series (corolla of petals) is, in general, white or brightly colored, and is more delicate in structure. It functions to attract  insect  or  bird  pollinators. Attraction is effected by color,  scent, and  nectar, which may be secreted in some part of the flower. The characteristics that attract pollinators account for the popularity of flowers and flowering plants among humans. While the majority of flowers are perfect or  hermaphrodite  (having both pollen and ovule producing parts in the same flower structure), flowering plants have developed numerous morphological and  physiological  mechanisms to reduce or prevent self-fertilization.Heteromorphic flowers have short carpels and long stamens, or vice versa, so animal  pollinators  cannot easily transfer pollen to the pistil (receptive part of the carpel). Homomorphic flowers may employ a biochemical (physiological) mechanism calledself-incompatibility  to discriminate between self- and non-self pollen grains. In other species, the male and female parts are morphologically separated, developing on different flowers. POST-LAB QUESTIONS: 1. How to distinguish between a male and female cone of pine?The male cone will form at the bottom of the tree and it is much smaller than the female and the male produces the pollen grains and the female produces the ovule and forms at the top of the tree. 2. Explain the characteristics of gymnosperm seeds to aid in dispersal. Many gymnosperms have winged seeds that aid in dispersal. Generally, gymnosperms have heavy seeds so the wings only assist in moving the seed a short distance from the parent plant. 3. List some uses for conifers. Economically, conifers are very important as they are a major source of timber.The majority of the world’s sawn timbers come from conifers. Exploitation of this resource from wild growing forests is still going on in many parts of the world, but there is an obvious trend especially in the developed world to phase this out and use more sustainable planted or seeded resources. There are many species with highly different wood properties, some of these are extremely valuable and used for fine cabinet making or expensive applications in construction. Wood from conifers is also an important source of pulp for paper and cellulose fibres such as rayon.Conifer s also very important in horticulture, especially in regions with a temperate climate. Several species have yielded hundreds of different cultivars and new ones are constantly appearing on the market. In some countries conifers have a role to play in traditional medicine and in religious ceremonies and, of course, our Christmas trees can be seen as a form of this kind of use. A few conifers even have edible seeds; well known are those of certain pines. 4. Lists the common characteristics of seeds plants. i. They have vascular tissue ii.They use seeds to reproduce iii. They all have body plans that include leaves, stems, and roots. 5. Contrast between dicots and monocots, the two classes of flowering plants. Monocots| Dicots| Herbaceous| May be woody or herbaceous| Embryo with single cotyledon| Embryo with 2 cotyledons| Flower parts in multiple of three| Flower parts with multiple of 4 or 5| Parallel-veined leaves| Net-veined leaves| Bundles of vascular tissue are scattred throughout the stem| Vascular bundle in the stem forms rings| Roots are adventitious| Root develop from radicle| . Discuss the features of plant flowering fruits and seeds. Seeds  develop from ovules in the ovary, and at maturity consist of an  embryo  and a reserve food supply surrounded by a protective covering, the  seed coat. The diversity of flowering plants assures diversity among their seeds, but, unlike fruits, which have numerous variations, structural plans for seeds are few. The reserve food can be stored either in or out of the embryo and the  cotyledons, the seed leaves can remain either below ground or be elevated above the surface when germination occurs.Fruits are ripened ovaries containing seeds with sometimes additional flower or inflorescence tissues associated with them. Only angiosperms produce flowers and fruits. From a botanical viewpoint, many of the foods we eat as vegetables are fruits, for examples, tomatoes, green beans, squash, eggplant, and peppers. Fru its apparently arose as a means not only of protecting the seeds, but as a way to ensure their dispersal. REFERENCES 1. http://faculty. unlv. edu/landau/gymnosperms. htm 2. http://www. kew. org/plants/conifers/uses. html 3. http://edhelper. com/ReadingComprehension_37_251. html